|
The black hole information paradox〔The short form "ínformation paradox" is also used for the Arrow information paradox.〕 results from the combination of quantum mechanics and general relativity. It suggests that physical information could permanently disappear in a black hole, allowing many physical states to devolve into the same state. This is controversial because it violates a commonly assumed tenet of science—that ''in principle'' complete information about a physical system at one point in time should determine its state at any other time. A fundamental postulate of quantum mechanics is that complete information about a system is encoded in its wave function up to when the wave function collapses. The evolution of the wave function is determined by a unitary operator, and unitarity implies that information is conserved in the quantum sense. This is the strictest form of determinism. == Principles in action == There are two main principles in play: * Quantum determinism means that given a present wave function, its future changes are uniquely determined by the evolution operator. * Reversibility refers to the fact that the evolution operator has an inverse, meaning that the past wave functions are similarly unique. The combination of the two means that information must always be preserved. Starting in the mid-1970s, Stephen Hawking and Jacob Bekenstein put forward theoretical arguments based on general relativity and quantum field theory that not only appeared to be inconsistent with information conservation but were not accounting for the information loss and state no reason for it. Specifically, Hawking's calculations indicated that black hole evaporation via Hawking radiation does not preserve information. Today, many physicists believe that the holographic principle (specifically the AdS/CFT duality) demonstrates that Hawking's conclusion was incorrect, and that information is in fact preserved.〔Barbón, J. L. F. "Black holes, information and holography" J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 171 01 (2009) http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/171/1/012009 p.1: "The most important departure from conventional thinking in recent years, the ''holographic principle''...provides a ''definition'' of quantum gravity...() guarantees that the whole process is unitary."〕 In 2004 Hawking himself conceded a bet he had made, agreeing that black hole evaporation does in fact preserve information. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Black hole information paradox」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|